This notice identifies the sources used in the Countries States Cities Database (CSC), their licences,
required credits and CSC’s changes. Keep this notice and the accompanying licence notices with all copies of
the data and pass them to recipients. Preserve the credits, licence links and change notices when reusing the
data; each linked licence sets the full terms of reuse.

1. Postal Areas 2021 and Mesh Block allocation
Publisher: Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS)
Edition: ASGS Edition 3, July 2021
Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Credit: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data, ASGS Edition 3, Postal Areas 2021 and Mesh Block
allocation. © Commonwealth of Australia. CC BY 4.0.
Source:
https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/standards/australian-statistical-geography-standard-asgs/edition-3-july-2021-june-2026/non-abs-structures/postal-areas
Changes by CSC: CSC selected one record per postcode and mapped state membership, removing earlier locality
names and points.
Reuse: Credit the source, retain the licence link and supplied notices, and identify changes; do not imply
endorsement.

2. CACLR national register of localities and streets
Publisher: Administration du cadastre et de la topographie (ACT), Luxembourg
Edition: edition not recorded; checked 12 October 2026
Licence: CC0 1.0 Universal
https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Credit: Source: Administration du cadastre et de la topographie (ACT), Luxembourg, CACLR national register of
localities and streets, edition not recorded; checked 12 October 2026.
Source:
https://data.public.lu/api/1/datasets/registre-national-des-localites-et-des-rues/
Changes by CSC: CSC selected postcode, locality and canton combinations, mapped cantons to its regions and
omitted unassigned postcodes.
Reuse: CC0 imposes no attribution requirement.

3. CartoCiudad postal addresses (portalpk_publi)
Publisher: Instituto Geográfico Nacional (IGN) / Centro Nacional de Información Geográfica (CNIG), Spain
Edition: April 2026, 52 province files
Licence: IGN product licence (CC BY 4.0 compatible)
https://www.ign.es/resources/licencia/Condiciones_licenciaUso_IGN.pdf
Credit: Obra derivada de CartoCiudad 04/2026 CC-BY 4.0 scne.es/productos.html#CartoCiudad
Source:
https://centrodedescargas.cnig.es/CentroDescargas/cartociudad
Changes by CSC: CSC selected distinct postcodes, assigned provinces and municipalities where addresses agreed,
averaged address coordinates and withheld 26 invalid averages.
Reuse: Retain this derivative credit visibly with the data and in any dataset or service metadata; identify
further changes.

4. Australian postal code dump
Publisher: GeoNames
Edition: Downloaded 12 October 2026
Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Credit: Source: GeoNames, Australian postal code dump, Downloaded 12 October 2026.
Source:
https://download.geonames.org/export/zip/AU.zip
Changes by CSC: CSC selected postcode values from the Australian postal code dump and matched them to its
records.
Reuse: Credit the source, retain the licence link and supplied notices, and identify changes; do not imply
endorsement.

5. All India Pincode Directory
Publisher: Department of Posts, India; Open Government Data Platform India
Edition: edition not recorded; checked 13 October 2026
Licence: Government Open Data License India (GODL)
https://data.gov.in/government-open-data-license-india
Credit: Department of Posts. (n.d.). All India Pincode Directory [Data set]. Open Government Data Platform
India. https://data.gov.in/catalog/all-india-pincode-directory. Published under Government Open Data License
India: https://data.gov.in/government-open-data-license-india.
Source:
https://data.gov.in/catalog/all-india-pincode-directory
Changes by CSC: CSC selected a representative post office for each postcode, mapped administrative fields and
added its identifiers.
Reuse: Acknowledge the provider, source and licence using GODL section 5 or an accepted data citation; do not
imply endorsement.

6. KEN_ALL postcode and address data
Publisher: Japan Post
Edition: edition not recorded; checked 13 October 2026
Licence: Japan Post copyright non-assertion and free redistribution terms
https://www.post.japanpost.jp/zipcode/dl/readme.html
Credit: Source: Japan Post, KEN_ALL postcode and address data, edition not recorded; checked 13 October 2026.
Source:
https://www.post.japanpost.jp/service/search/zipcode/download/utf-zip.html
Changes by CSC: CSC converted and deduplicated postcode and address rows and mapped administrative fields.
Reuse: Japan Post does not assert copyright in these postcode data and permits their free redistribution.

7. Base officielle des codes postaux
Publisher: La Poste
Edition: last update of the imported snapshot not recovered; checked by CSC 13 October 2026
Licence: Licence Ouverte 2.0
https://github.com/etalab/licence-ouverte/blob/master/LO.md
Credit: Source: La Poste, Base officielle des codes postaux; last update of the imported snapshot not
recovered (CSC check: 13 October 2026).
Open condition: Licence Ouverte asks for the date of the last update of the reused information. The date of
the snapshot CSC imported has not been recovered; this notice does not complete that condition.
Source:
https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/base-officielle-des-codes-postaux/
Changes by CSC: CSC selected postcode and locality values, matched them to its records and adapted their
structure.
Reuse: Retain the source and the date of the last update of the reused information; do not mislead recipients
about its content, source or update date.

8. Locality directories for Austria, Switzerland and Germany
Publisher: OpenPLZ
Edition: edition not recorded; checked 13 October 2026
Licence: Open Database License 1.0 (ODbL)
https://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1-0/
Credit: Contains information from OpenPLZ, https://www.openplzapi.org/, made available under the Open Database
License (ODbL) 1.0, https://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1-0/.
Source:
https://www.openplzapi.org/en/faq/
Changes by CSC: CSC selected postcode and locality values, matched regional names to its states and merged
records by postcode.
Reuse: Keep attribution and ODbL notices, share adapted databases under ODbL and provide the access to data
required by that licence.

9. New Zealand postcode compilation from OpenStreetMap/Nominatim
Publisher: OpenStreetMap contributors; compiled by WaimateWihongi
Edition: edition not recorded; checked 13 October 2026
Licence: Open Database License 1.0 (ODbL)
https://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1-0/
Credit: © OpenStreetMap contributors. Compiled via WaimateWihongi/nz-postcodes. Data available under the Open
Database License 1.0. https://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright
Source:
https://github.com/WaimateWihongi/nz-postcodes
Changes by CSC: CSC selected one record per postcode, retained source names and coordinates and mapped
recognised regional names to its regions.
Reuse: Keep attribution and ODbL notices, share adapted databases under ODbL and provide the access to data
required by that licence.

10. Postal Code File (PCF)
Publisher: Posti
Edition: imported edition not recorded; scope-check file dated 8 October 2026
Licence: Posti Postal Code Services terms, effective 1 January 2015
https://www.posti.fi/en/for-businesses/customer-support/postal-code-services
Credit: Source: Posti, Postal Code File (PCF); imported edition not recorded; scope-check file dated 8 October
2026.
Source:
https://www.posti.fi/webpcode/
Changes by CSC: CSC selected postcode and name values and mapped regional membership.
PCF scope-check download: 8 October 2026. The download date of the material first imported has not been
recovered.
Open condition: Posti's terms require the download date of the material to be passed to recipients; this
notice does not complete that condition for the imported PCF values.
The terms are in Posti-postal-code-terms.txt in the repository, attached to export releases as
NOTICE-Posti-postal-code-terms.txt.
Reuse: Pass the current service description, terms of use and data download date to every recipient.

11. What is the evidence to support early supervised exercise therapy after primary total knee replacement? A
systematic review and meta-analysis (author address)
Publisher: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders; authors Larissa Nicole Sattler, Wayne Anthony Hing and Christopher
John Vertullo
Edition: 2019, volume 20, article 42; DOI 10.1186/s12891-019-2415-5
Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Credit: Sattler, Hing and Vertullo (2019), BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders,
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-019-2415-5. CC BY 4.0. Postcode 9726 extracted from an author address.
Source:
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-019-2415-5
© The Author(s). 2019
Changes by CSC: CSC extracted postcode 9726 from an author address.
Reuse: Credit the source, retain the licence link and supplied notices, and identify changes; do not imply
endorsement.

12. Address register adressur/us_adr_husanr
Publisher: Faroese Environment Agency, Umhvørvisstovan
Edition: edition not recorded; checked 9 October 2026
Licence: Føroyakort terms, June 2019
https://www.foroyakort.fo/um-foeroyakort/terms-and-conditions-in-english
Credit: Data from the Faroese Environment Agency, Umhvørvisstovan: adressur/us_adr_husanr, webservice; checked
9 October 2026.
Source:
https://gis.us.fo/arcgis/rest/services/adressur/us_adr_husanr/MapServer/0
Changes by CSC: CSC selected distinct postcodes and locality names and mapped municipalities to its regions.
Reuse: Retain the agency, dataset and webservice credit and pass on the terms link; if other sources are
credited on a service front page, credit the agency there too.

13. Geographical database
Publisher: GeoNames
Edition: Daily country dumps, October 2026
Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Credit: Source: GeoNames, Geographical database, Daily country dumps, October 2026.
Source:
https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/
Changes by CSC: CSC matched names, identifiers, codes, population and points to its records, mapped
classifications and formatted coordinates.
Reuse: Credit the source, retain the licence link and supplied notices, and identify changes; do not imply
endorsement.

14. Structured entity data
Publisher: Wikidata contributors
Edition: edition not recorded; checked 13 October 2026
Licence: CC0 1.0 Universal
https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Credit: Source: Wikidata contributors, Structured entity data, edition not recorded; checked 13 October 2026.
Source:
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Data_access
Changes by CSC: CSC selected entity names, translations, identifiers, codes, points and parent relationships
and matched them to its records.
Reuse: CC0 imposes no attribution requirement.

15. OpenStreetMap database and Nominatim results
Publisher: OpenStreetMap contributors
Edition: edition not recorded; checked 13 October 2026
Licence: Open Database License 1.0 (ODbL)
https://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1-0/
Credit: © OpenStreetMap contributors. Data available under the Open Database License 1.0.
https://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright
Source:
https://www.openstreetmap.org/
Changes by CSC: CSC selected names, points and codes, matched them to its records and formatted coordinates.
Reuse: Keep attribution and ODbL notices, share adapted databases under ODbL and provide the access to data
required by that licence.

16. Servicio de Normalización de Datos Geográficos de Argentina (Georef)
Publisher: Georef / Datos Argentina
Edition: API v2.0 bulk snapshots, October 2026
Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Credit: Source: Georef / Datos Argentina, Servicio de Normalización de Datos Geográficos de Argentina
(Georef), API v2.0 bulk snapshots, October 2026.
Source:
https://apis.datos.gob.ar/georef/api/v2.0/departamentos.json
Changes by CSC: CSC matched names and codes to its records, mapped categories and parent links and used
published departamento centres.
Reuse: Credit the source, retain the licence link and supplied notices, and identify changes; do not imply
endorsement.

17. CLDR country display names
Publisher: Unicode, Inc.
Edition: cldr-json 48.2.0; commit bb334e8d
Licence: Unicode License v3 (Unicode-3.0)
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/unicode-org/cldr-json/48.2.0/LICENSE
Credit: Copyright © 2015-2024 Unicode, Inc. Unicode CLDR 48.2.0, Unicode License v3.
Source:
https://github.com/unicode-org/cldr-json/tree/48.2.0
Changes by CSC: CSC selected territory names for its existing country translation fields.
Reuse: Keep the complete Unicode-3.0.txt notice (attached to export releases as NOTICE-Unicode-3.0.txt) with
every copy of the Unicode data or software.

18. Time Zone Database
Publisher: Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)
Edition: 2026d and 2026e
Licence: Public domain
https://data.iana.org/time-zones/tzdb-2026e/LICENSE
Credit: Source: Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA), Time Zone Database, 2026d and 2026e.
Source:
https://www.iana.org/time-zones
Changes by CSC: CSC selected time zone identifiers, UTC offsets and daylight saving information for its time
zone fields.
Reuse: The database is in the public domain; no licence attribution is required.

19. KATOTTG codifier of administrative-territorial units and territorial communities
Publisher: Ministry for Development of Communities and Territories of Ukraine
Edition: 7 July 2026; Order 1321
Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Credit: Source: Ministry for Development of Communities and Territories of Ukraine, KATOTTG codifier of
administrative-territorial units and territorial communities, 7 July 2026; Order 1321.
Source:
https://mindev.gov.ua/storage/app/sites/1/uploaded-files/kodifikator-07-07.xlsx
Changes by CSC: CSC matched names, codes, categories and parent links to its records and romanised Ukrainian
names under Cabinet of Ministers Resolution 55 (2010).
Reuse: Credit the source, retain the licence link and supplied notices, and identify changes; do not imply
endorsement.

20. Territorial Authority areas
Publisher: Stats NZ
Edition: 2026
Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Credit: This work is based on/includes Stats NZ’s data which are licensed by Stats NZ for reuse under the
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence.
Source:
https://datafinder.stats.govt.nz/
Crown copyright ©
Changes by CSC: CSC matched names and codes to its records and mapped categories and parent links.
Reuse: Credit the source, retain the licence link and supplied notices, and identify changes; do not imply
endorsement.

21. Urban Rural areas
Publisher: Stats NZ
Edition: 2026
Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Credit: This work is based on/includes Stats NZ’s data which are licensed by Stats NZ for reuse under the
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence.
Source:
https://datafinder.stats.govt.nz/
Crown copyright ©
Changes by CSC: CSC matched names and codes to its records and mapped urban and rural categories.
Reuse: Credit the source, retain the licence link and supplied notices, and identify changes; do not imply
endorsement.

22. Census built-up areas
Publisher: Central Statistics Office (CSO), Ireland, and Tailte Éireann
Edition: Census 2022; CSV published 27 September 2023
Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Credit: Source: Central Statistics Office (CSO), Ireland, and Tailte Éireann, Census built-up areas, Census
2022; CSV published 27 September 2023.
Source:
https://www.cso.ie/en/media/csoie/census/census2022/SAPS_2022_BUA_270923.csv
Changes by CSC: CSC matched names and codes to its records and mapped built-up area categories.
Reuse: Credit the source, retain the licence link and supplied notices, and identify changes; do not imply
endorsement.

23. REGPJ spatial-unit register
Publisher: Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic
Edition: REGPJ2020 workbook; archive entries 30 April 2024; page updated 18 August 2025
Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Credit: Source: Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic, REGPJ spatial-unit register, REGPJ2020 workbook;
archive entries 30 April 2024; page updated 18 August 2025.
Source:
https://slovak.statistics.sk/
Changes by CSC: CSC matched names and codes to its records and mapped categories and parent links.
Reuse: Credit the source, retain the licence link and supplied notices, and identify changes; do not imply
endorsement.

24. Register of Spatial Units (RPE)
Publisher: Geodetska uprava Republike Slovenije (GURS), Slovenia
Edition: WFS snapshot, 13 October 2026
Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Provider terms: https://www.e-prostor.gov.si/dostopi/javni-dostop/
Credit: Geodetska uprava Republike Slovenije, Register of Spatial Units (RPE), WFS snapshot 13 October 2026.
Source:
https://ipi.eprostor.gov.si/wfs-si-gurs-rpe/wfs
Changes by CSC: CSC matched names and codes to its records and mapped categories and parent links.
Reuse: Credit the source, retain the licence link and supplied notices, and identify changes; do not imply
endorsement.

25. Administrative and Settlement Division
Publisher: Maa- ja Ruumiamet (Land and Spatial Development Board), Estonia
Edition: Export, 2 September 2026
Licence: MTP open public data terms
https://kataster.ee/sites/default/files/documents/2024-03/MTP_andmeteenuste_kasutustingimused.pdf
Credit: Source: Maa- ja Ruumiamet (Land and Spatial Development Board), Estonia, Administrative and Settlement
Division, Export, 2 September 2026.
Source:
https://geoportaal.maaamet.ee/est/Ruumiandmed/Haldus-ja-asustusjaotus-p119.html
Changes by CSC: CSC matched official unit names and codes to its records and mapped categories and parent
links.
Reuse: Public and commercial reuse is permitted under the linked MTP terms.

26. Local Government Directory: district, sub-district, urban local body and village registers
Publisher: Ministry of Panchayati Raj, India
Edition: Downloads, 12 October 2026
Licence: Local Government Directory copyright policy
https://lgdirectory.gov.in/copyRightPolicy.do
Credit: Source: Ministry of Panchayati Raj, India, Local Government Directory: district, sub-district, urban
local body and village registers, Downloads, 12 October 2026.
Source:
https://lgdirectory.gov.in/
Changes by CSC: CSC selected and matched names and codes to its records and mapped categories and parent
links.
Reuse: Acknowledge LGD prominently, reproduce its material accurately and avoid misleading or derogatory
contexts.

27. ASGS Local Government Areas
Publisher: Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS)
Edition: Edition 3, LGA 2025
Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Credit: Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), ASGS Local Government Areas, Edition 3, LGA 2025.
Source:
https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/standards/australian-statistical-geography-standard-asgs/edition-3-july-2021-june-2026/access-and-downloads/digital-boundary-files
Changes by CSC: CSC matched names and codes to its records and mapped categories and parent links.
Reuse: Credit the source, retain the licence link and supplied notices, and identify changes; do not imply
endorsement.

28. ASGS Suburbs and Localities
Publisher: Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS)
Edition: Edition 3, SAL 2021
Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Credit: Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), ASGS Suburbs and Localities, Edition 3, SAL 2021.
Source:
https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/standards/australian-statistical-geography-standard-asgs/edition-3-july-2021-june-2026/access-and-downloads/digital-boundary-files
Changes by CSC: CSC matched names and codes to its records and mapped locality categories.
Reuse: Credit the source, retain the licence link and supplied notices, and identify changes; do not imply
endorsement.

29. Municipal code and administrative-class roster
Publisher: Statistics Bureau of Japan / e-Stat
Edition: edition not recorded; checked 13 October 2026
Licence: Government Standard Terms 2.0 (CC BY 4.0 compatible)
https://www.e-stat.go.jp/terms-of-use
Credit: Source: Statistics Bureau of Japan / e-Stat, Municipal code and administrative-class roster, edition
not recorded; checked 13 October 2026.
Source:
https://data.e-stat.go.jp/lod/
Changes by CSC: CSC matched municipal codes to its records and mapped administrative classes and parent links.
Reuse: Credit the source, retain the licence link and supplied notices, and identify changes; do not imply
endorsement.
Compatible licence: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

30. Municipality and status classifiers
Publisher: Czech Statistical Office (ČSÚ)
Edition: edition not recorded; checked 13 October 2026
Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Credit: Source: Czech Statistical Office (ČSÚ), Municipality and status classifiers, edition not recorded;
checked 13 October 2026.
Source:
https://csu.gov.cz/
Changes by CSC: CSC matched municipality codes to its records and mapped status categories.
Reuse: Credit the source, retain the licence link and supplied notices, and identify changes; do not imply
endorsement.

31. Gemeenten register
Publisher: Statistics Netherlands (CBS)
Edition: 1 January 2026
Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Credit: Source: Statistics Netherlands (CBS), Gemeenten register, 1 January 2026.
Source:
https://www.cbs.nl/-/media/cbs/onze-diensten/methoden/classificaties/overig/gemeenten-alfabetisch-2026.xlsx
Changes by CSC: CSC matched municipality names and codes to its records and mapped categories and parent
links.
Reuse: Credit the source, retain the licence link and supplied notices, and identify changes; do not imply
endorsement.

32. Woonplaatsen table
Publisher: Statistics Netherlands (CBS)
Edition: 86312NED, 1 January 2026
Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Credit: Source: Statistics Netherlands (CBS), Woonplaatsen table, 86312NED, 1 January 2026.
Source:
https://www.cbs.nl/nl-nl/cijfers/detail/86312ned
Changes by CSC: CSC matched locality names and codes to its records and assigned parent municipalities.
Reuse: Credit the source, retain the licence link and supplied notices, and identify changes; do not imply
endorsement.

33. Wijk- en Buurtkaart
Publisher: Statistics Netherlands (CBS)
Edition: 2026 versie 0; collection 16 June 2026
Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Credit: Source: Statistics Netherlands (CBS), Wijk- en Buurtkaart, 2026 versie 0; collection 16 June 2026.
Source:
https://www.cbs.nl/
Changes by CSC: CSC matched names and codes to its records and mapped categories and parent links.
Reuse: Credit the source, retain the licence link and supplied notices, and identify changes; do not imply
endorsement.

34. Municipality merger history
Publisher: Statistics Netherlands (CBS)
Edition: 70739NED; edition not recorded; checked 13 October 2026
Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Credit: Source: Statistics Netherlands (CBS), Municipality merger history, 70739NED; edition not recorded;
checked 13 October 2026.
Source:
https://www.cbs.nl/
Changes by CSC: CSC used municipality codes and successor relationships to update its parent links.
Reuse: Credit the source, retain the licence link and supplied notices, and identify changes; do not imply
endorsement.

35. Standard Geographical Classification
Publisher: Statistics Canada
Edition: 2021
Licence: Statistics Canada Open Licence
https://www.statcan.gc.ca/en/terms-conditions/open-licence
Credit: Adapted from Statistics Canada, Statistics Canada Standard Geographical Classification, 2021. This
does not constitute an endorsement by Statistics Canada of this product.
Source:
https://www.statcan.gc.ca/
Changes by CSC: CSC matched names and codes to its records and mapped categories and parent links.
Reuse: Keep the prescribed adaptation credit, reproduce source information accurately and do not imply
Statistics Canada endorsement.

36. Census subdivision boundary file
Publisher: Statistics Canada
Edition: 2025; reference date 1 January 2025
Licence: Statistics Canada Open Licence
https://www.statcan.gc.ca/en/terms-conditions/open-licence
Credit: Adapted from Statistics Canada, Statistics Canada census subdivision boundary file, 2025, reference
date 1 January 2025. This does not constitute an endorsement by Statistics Canada of this product.
Source:
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/
Changes by CSC: CSC derived internal points from census subdivision boundaries and used containment to assign
parent links.
Reuse: Keep the prescribed adaptation credit, reproduce source information accurately and do not imply
Statistics Canada endorsement.

37. Canadian Geographical Names Database
Publisher: Natural Resources Canada
Edition: edition not recorded; checked 13 October 2026
Licence: Open Government Licence – Canada
https://open.canada.ca/en/open-government-licence-canada
Credit: Source: Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Geographical Names Database. Contains information licensed
under the Open Government Licence – Canada.
Source:
https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/
Changes by CSC: CSC matched locality names and status information to its records.
Reuse: Keep the source and Open Government Licence – Canada acknowledgement; do not imply official
endorsement.

38. REFNIS/NIS/NIS6 register
Publisher: Statbel
Edition: Effective 2025
Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Credit: Source: Statbel, REFNIS/NIS/NIS6 register, Effective 2025.
Source:
https://statbel.fgov.be/
Changes by CSC: CSC matched names and codes to its records and mapped categories and parent links.
Reuse: Credit the source, retain the licence link and supplied notices, and identify changes; do not imply
endorsement.

39. Statistical sectors
Publisher: Statbel
Edition: 2025/2026
Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Credit: Source: Statbel, Statistical sectors, 2025/2026.
Source:
https://statbel.fgov.be/
Changes by CSC: CSC matched sector codes to its records and derived internal points for its counties.
Reuse: Credit the source, retain the licence link and supplied notices, and identify changes; do not imply
endorsement.

40. Census communities and urban classification
Publisher: Statistical Institute of Jamaica (STATIN)
Edition: Census 2022 preliminary; 2016 governance context
Licence: STATIN data licence and derived-work attribution terms
https://statinja.gov.jm/terms-of-use.aspx
Credit: Source: Statistical Institute of Jamaica (STATIN), Census 2022 preliminary community data and urban
classification. Copyright in the source data is held by STATIN.
Source:
https://statinja.gov.jm/PopCensus/Census2022/Population%20and%20Dwelling%20counts%20by%20Community.aspx
Changes by CSC: CSC matched community codes to its records and adapted category classifications.
Reuse: Credit STATIN, acknowledge its rights and identify changes; STATIN accepts no responsibility for
third-party interpretations and does not endorse this product.

41. City, municipality and settlement registers
Publisher: Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia (RZS)
Edition: 1 January 2026
Licence: RZS reproduction and distribution terms
https://www.stat.gov.rs/sr-latn/copyright/
Credit: Izvor: RZS — Serbia RZS city/municipality and settlement registers, 1 January 2026.
Source:
https://www.stat.gov.rs/media/412350/sifarnikgradovi-opstine-tekucestanje.xlsx
Preračunao / Modifikovao: Countries States Cities Database.
Napomena o izmeni: CSC matched codes to its records and adapted categories and immediate parent links.
Reuse: Credit RZS and clearly identify any modifications and their author.

42. Gazetteer places, counties and county subdivisions
Publisher: US Census Bureau
Edition: 2026
Licence: US Government public domain (17 USC 105)
https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2022-title17/html/USCODE-2022-title17-chap1-sec105.htm
Credit: Source: US Census Bureau, Gazetteer places, counties and county subdivisions, 2026.
Source:
https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2026_Gazetteer/
Changes by CSC: CSC matched codes, names and published internal points to its records and mapped categories
and parent links.
Reuse: These US Government works are in the public domain; no source attribution is required.

43. PL 94-171 and place/county relationship tables
Publisher: US Census Bureau
Edition: 2020
Licence: US Government public domain (17 USC 105)
https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2022-title17/html/USCODE-2022-title17-chap1-sec105.htm
Credit: Source: US Census Bureau, PL 94-171 and place/county relationship tables, 2020.
Source:
https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/rel2020/
Changes by CSC: CSC matched codes and identity information to its records and mapped categories and parent
links.
Reuse: These US Government works are in the public domain; no source attribution is required.

44. Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)
Publisher: US Geological Survey (USGS)
Edition: September 2026
Licence: US Government public domain (17 USC 105)
https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2022-title17/html/USCODE-2022-title17-chap1-sec105.htm
Credit: Source: US Geological Survey (USGS), Geographic Names Information System (GNIS), September 2026.
Source:
https://www.usgs.gov/us-board-on-geographic-names/domestic-names
Changes by CSC: CSC matched place names, identifiers and feature classifications to its records.
Reuse: These US Government works are in the public domain; no source attribution is required.

45. Code officiel géographique
Publisher: Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques (INSEE)
Edition: 2026
Licence: Licence Ouverte 2.0
https://github.com/etalab/licence-ouverte/blob/master/LO.md
Credit: Source : Insee — Code officiel géographique, 2026.
Source:
https://www.insee.fr/fr/information/2560452
Changes by CSC: CSC matched names and codes to its records and mapped categories and parent links.
Reuse: Retain the source and the date of the last update of the reused information; do not mislead recipients
about its content, source or update date.

46. Marseille quartier geography
Publisher: Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques (INSEE)
Edition: 2014 geography; published 18 November 2015
Licence: Licence Ouverte 2.0
https://github.com/etalab/licence-ouverte/blob/master/LO.md
Credit: Source : Insee — Marseille quartier geography, 2014 geography; published 18 November 2015.
Source:
https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/2385003
Changes by CSC: CSC matched neighbourhood names and codes to its records and mapped categories and parent
links.
Reuse: Retain the source and the date of the last update of the reused information; do not mislead recipients
about its content, source or update date.

47. Elenco comuni, SITUAS and territorial mutations
Publisher: Istituto Nazionale di Statistica (ISTAT)
Edition: 2026; checked 13 October 2026
Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Credit: Source: Istituto Nazionale di Statistica (ISTAT), Elenco comuni, SITUAS and territorial mutations,
2026; checked 13 October 2026.
Source:
https://www.istat.it/classificazione/codici-dei-comuni-delle-province-e-delle-regioni/
Changes by CSC: CSC matched names and codes to its records and mapped categories and parent links.
Reuse: Credit the source, retain the licence link and supplied notices, and identify changes; do not imply
endorsement.

48. Census locality data
Publisher: Istituto Nazionale di Statistica (ISTAT)
Edition: 2021
Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Credit: Source: Istituto Nazionale di Statistica (ISTAT), Census locality data, 2021.
Source:
https://www.istat.it/
Changes by CSC: CSC matched names and codes to its records and mapped locality categories and parent links.
Reuse: Credit the source, retain the licence link and supplied notices, and identify changes; do not imply
endorsement.

49. NLSC Taiwan administrative data (three datasets)
Publisher: Ministry of the Interior / National Land Surveying and Mapping Center
Edition: per dataset, below
Licence: Open Government Data License 1.0
https://data.gov.tw/license
Datasets:
- 代碼服務－鄉鎮市區清單(戶政), household-registration township codes; catalogue 102011, metadata updated 16
  September 2026; https://data.gov.tw/dataset/102011
- 村(里)界(TWD97經緯度), village boundaries and names; edition 17 August 2026;
  https://maps.nlsc.gov.tw/pro/download.jsp
- 鄉鎮市區界線(TWD97經緯度), township boundaries and official English names; edition 23 March 2023;
  https://maps.nlsc.gov.tw/pro/download.jsp
Credit: Ministry of the Interior / National Land Surveying and Mapping Center: 代碼服務－鄉鎮市區清單(戶政)
(catalogue 102011, 16 September 2026); 村(里)界(TWD97經緯度) (17 August 2026); 鄉鎮市區界線(TWD97經緯度) (23 March
2023). The Open Data is made available to the public under the Open Government Data License, User can make use
of it when complying to the condition and obligation of its terms. Open Government Data License:
https://data.gov.tw/license
Changes by CSC: CSC copied township and village names and codes, and English names, matched them to its
records and mapped categories and parent links.
Reuse: Keep the provider and dataset attribution and licence statement.

50. Census settlement register
Publisher: Central Statistical Office of Saint Lucia
Edition: 2010
Licence: CSO Saint Lucia Open Licence
https://stats.gov.lc/terms-and-conditions/open-licence-agreement/
Credit: Source: The Central Statistical Office of Saint Lucia. Contains information licensed under the Open
Licence Agreement of The Central Statistical Office of Saint Lucia.
Source:
https://stats.gov.lc/
Adaptation notice: This product was adapted from the information of The Central Statistical Office of Saint
Lucia, which is licensed under the Open Licence Agreement of The Central Statistical Office of Saint Lucia.
Changes by CSC: CSC matched settlement codes to its records and mapped categories.
Reuse: Keep both the source acknowledgement and the adaptation notice, with the licence link; do not imply
official endorsement.

51. Basic Address File (BAF)
Publisher: Posti
Edition: Extract, 3 October 2026
Licence: Posti Postal Code Services terms, effective 1 January 2015
https://www.posti.fi/en/for-businesses/customer-support/postal-code-services
Credit: Source: Posti, Basic Address File (BAF), Extract, 3 October 2026.
Source:
https://www.posti.fi/webpcode/
Changes by CSC: CSC used municipal coverage to link postcodes to its municipalities.
Recorded data download date: 8 October 2026.
The terms are in Posti-postal-code-terms.txt in the repository, attached to export releases as
NOTICE-Posti-postal-code-terms.txt.
Reuse: Pass the current service description, terms of use and data download date to every recipient.

52. Populations de référence (population municipale)
Publisher: Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques (INSEE)
Edition: 2023; in force 1 January 2026
Licence: Licence Ouverte 2.0
https://github.com/etalab/licence-ouverte/blob/master/LO.md
Credit: Source : Insee — Populations de référence (population municipale), 2023; in force 1 January 2026.
Source:
https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/8680726/ensemble.zip
Changes by CSC: CSC matched published population figures to its records and added population_year.
Reuse: Retain the source and the date of the last update of the reused information; do not mislead recipients
about its content, source or update date.

53. Resident population (POSAS provisional estimate)
Publisher: Istituto Nazionale di Statistica (ISTAT)
Edition: 1 January 2026
Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Credit: Source: Istituto Nazionale di Statistica (ISTAT), Resident population (POSAS provisional estimate), 1
January 2026.
Source:
https://demo.istat.it/data/posas/POSAS_2026_it_Comuni.zip
Changes by CSC: CSC matched published population figures to its records and added population_year.
Reuse: Credit the source, retain the licence link and supplied notices, and identify changes; do not imply
endorsement.

54. Gemeindeverzeichnis GV-ISys population
Publisher: Statistisches Bundesamt (Destatis)
Edition: Q3 2026; population at 31 December 2025, on the census 2022 basis
Licence: Destatis source-attributed reuse terms
https://www.destatis.de/DE/Service/Impressum/_inhalt.html
Credit: Source: Statistisches Bundesamt (Destatis), Gemeindeverzeichnis GV-ISys population, Q3 2026;
population at 31 December 2025, on the census 2022 basis.
Source:
https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Laender-Regionen/Regionales/Gemeindeverzeichnis/Administrativ/Archiv/GVAuszugQ/AuszugGV3QAktuell.xlsx?__blob=publicationFile
Changes by CSC: CSC copied published figures unchanged, matched them to municipalities by code and added
population_year.
Reuse: Retain the Destatis source credit and identify changes; do not imply Destatis endorsement.

55. Population Census, basic complete tabulation
Publisher: Statistics Bureau of Japan / e-Stat
Edition: 2020
Licence: e-Stat terms (CC BY 4.0 compatible)
https://www.e-stat.go.jp/terms-of-use
Credit: Source: Statistics Bureau of Japan / e-Stat, Population Census, basic complete tabulation, 2020.
Source:
https://www.e-stat.go.jp/stat-search/file-download?fileKind=0&statInfId=000032142402
Changes by CSC: CSC matched published population figures to its records and added population_year.
Reuse: Credit the source, retain the licence link and supplied notices, and identify changes; do not imply
endorsement.
Compatible licence: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

56. Population by municipality code (OBY02A)
Publisher: Czech Statistical Office (ČSÚ)
Edition: 1 January 2026
Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Credit: Source: Czech Statistical Office (ČSÚ), Population by municipality code (OBY02A), 1 January 2026.
Source:
https://data.csu.gov.cz/opendata/sady/OBY02A/distribuce/csv
Changes by CSC: CSC matched published population figures to its records and added population_year.
Reuse: Credit the source, retain the licence link and supplied notices, and identify changes; do not imply
endorsement.

57. Population by municipality and urban settlement
Publisher: Statistics Norway (SSB)
Edition: 1 January 2026; tables 07459 and 04859
Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Credit: Source: Statistics Norway (SSB), Population by municipality and urban settlement, 1 January 2026;
tables 07459 and 04859.
Source:
https://www.ssb.no/statbank/table/07459
Changes by CSC: CSC matched published population figures to its records and added population_year.
Reuse: Credit the source, retain the licence link and supplied notices, and identify changes; do not imply
endorsement.

58. Registered population by municipality code
Publisher: Statistics Netherlands (CBS)
Edition: 1 January 2026; table 03759ned
Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Credit: Source: Statistics Netherlands (CBS), Registered population by municipality code, 1 January 2026;
table 03759ned.
Source:
https://opendata.cbs.nl/#/CBS/nl/dataset/03759ned/table
Changes by CSC: CSC matched published population figures to its records and added population_year.
Reuse: Credit the source, retain the licence link and supplied notices, and identify changes; do not imply
endorsement.

59. Census population by suburb/locality and estimated resident population by Local Government Area
Publisher: Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS)
Edition: 2021 Census SAL; 2025 LGA estimates
Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Credit: Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), Census population by suburb/locality and estimated
resident population by Local Government Area, 2021 Census SAL; 2025 LGA estimates.
Source:
https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/datapacks
Changes by CSC: CSC matched published population figures to its records and added population_year.
Reuse: Credit the source, retain the licence link and supplied notices, and identify changes; do not imply
endorsement.

60. Census population by census subdivision
Publisher: Statistics Canada
Edition: 2021; table 98-10-0002
Licence: Statistics Canada Open Licence
https://www.statcan.gc.ca/en/terms-conditions/open-licence
Credit: Adapted from Statistics Canada, Statistics Canada, 2021 Census population by census subdivision (table
98-10-0002), 2021; Statistics Canada, 2021 Census population by census subdivision (table 98-10-0002). This
does not constitute an endorsement by Statistics Canada of this product.
Source:
https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810000201
Changes by CSC: CSC matched published population figures to its records and added population_year.
Reuse: Keep the prescribed adaptation credit, reproduce source information accurately and do not imply
Statistics Canada endorsement.

61. Population by NIS municipality code
Publisher: Statbel
Edition: 1 January 2026
Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Credit: Source: Statbel, Population by NIS municipality code, 1 January 2026.
Source:
https://statbel.fgov.be/
Changes by CSC: CSC matched published population figures to its records and added population_year.
Reuse: Credit the source, retain the licence link and supplied notices, and identify changes; do not imply
endorsement.

62. Population by municipality code
Publisher: Statistics Finland
Edition: 31 December 2025
Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Credit: Source: Statistics Finland, Population by municipality code, 31 December 2025.
Source:
https://stat.fi/
Changes by CSC: CSC matched published population figures to its records and added population_year.
Reuse: Credit the source, retain the licence link and supplied notices, and identify changes; do not imply
endorsement.

63. Population Estimates Program, Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places
Publisher: US Census Bureau
Edition: Vintage 2025; SUB-IP-EST2025-POP
Licence: US Government public domain (17 USC 105)
https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2022-title17/html/USCODE-2022-title17-chap1-sec105.htm
Credit: Source: US Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program, Annual Estimates of the Resident Population
for Incorporated Places, Vintage 2025; SUB-IP-EST2025-POP.
Source:
https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/tables/2020-2025/cities/totals/SUB-IP-EST2025-POP.xlsx
Changes by CSC: CSC matched published population estimates to its incorporated-place records and added
population_year.
Reuse: These US Government works are in the public domain; no source attribution is required.

64. Portuguese postal code dump
Publisher: GeoNames
Edition: 13 October 2026 (Last-Modified 13 October 2026 02:03:57 GMT); downloaded 13 October 2026
Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Credit: Source: GeoNames, Portuguese postal code dump, 13 October 2026.
Source:
https://download.geonames.org/export/zip/PT.zip
Changes by CSC: CSC kept the Portuguese postcodes it already had that the dump lists, took their locality names
and points from it (left empty where the dump's rows for one code disagree), mapped regions to CSC states and
rebuilt city links. Points are GeoNames' estimates.
Reuse: Credit the source, retain the licence link and supplied notices, and identify changes; do not imply
endorsement.

65. Mexican postal code dump
Publisher: GeoNames
Edition: 13 October 2026 (Last-Modified 13 October 2026 02:03:45 GMT); downloaded 13 October 2026
Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Credit: Source: GeoNames, Mexican postal code dump, 13 October 2026.
Source:
https://download.geonames.org/export/zip/MX.zip
Changes by CSC: CSC kept the Mexican postcode and settlement rows it already had that the dump lists, took their
names, points and states from it, and added no new codes. Points are GeoNames' estimates.
Reuse: Credit the source, retain the licence link and supplied notices, and identify changes; do not imply
endorsement.

66. Swedish postal code dump
Publisher: GeoNames
Edition: 13 October 2026 (Last-Modified 13 October 2026 02:03:59 GMT); downloaded 14 October 2026
Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Credit: Source: GeoNames, Swedish postal code dump, 13 October 2026.
Source:
https://download.geonames.org/export/zip/SE.zip
Changes by CSC: CSC kept the Swedish postcode rows it already had that the dump lists, took
their names, points and states from it, and added no new codes. Points are GeoNames' estimates.
Reuse: Credit the source, retain the licence link and supplied notices, and identify changes; do not imply
endorsement.

67. Romanian postal code dump
Publisher: GeoNames
Edition: 13 October 2026 (Last-Modified 13 October 2026 02:03:57 GMT); downloaded 14 October 2026
Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Credit: Source: GeoNames, Romanian postal code dump, 13 October 2026.
Source:
https://download.geonames.org/export/zip/RO.zip
Changes by CSC: CSC kept the Romanian postcode rows it already had that the dump lists, took
their names, points and states from it, and added no new codes. Points are GeoNames' estimates. The legacy cedilla
letters ş ţ Ş Ţ in the names are stored as the correct Romanian comma-below letters ș ț Ș Ț.
Reuse: Credit the source, retain the licence link and supplied notices, and identify changes; do not imply
endorsement.

68. Polish postal code dump
Publisher: GeoNames
Edition: 13 October 2026 (Last-Modified 13 October 2026 02:03:55 GMT); downloaded 14 October 2026
Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Credit: Source: GeoNames, Polish postal code dump, 13 October 2026.
Source:
https://download.geonames.org/export/zip/PL.zip
Changes by CSC: CSC kept the Polish postcode rows it already had that the dump lists, took
their names, points and states from it, and added no new codes. Points are GeoNames' estimates.
Reuse: Credit the source, retain the licence link and supplied notices, and identify changes; do not imply
endorsement.

69. Ukrainian postal code dump
Publisher: GeoNames
Edition: 13 October 2026 (Last-Modified 13 October 2026 02:04:01 GMT); downloaded 14 October 2026
Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Credit: Source: GeoNames, Ukrainian postal code dump, 13 October 2026.
Source:
https://download.geonames.org/export/zip/UA.zip
Changes by CSC: CSC kept the Ukrainian postcode and locality rows it already had that the dump lists, took
their names, points and states from it, and added no new codes. Points are GeoNames' estimates.
Reuse: Credit the source, retain the licence link and supplied notices, and identify changes; do not imply
endorsement.

70. Argentine postal code dump
Publisher: GeoNames
Edition: 13 October 2026 (Last-Modified 13 October 2026 02:03:00 GMT); downloaded 14 October 2026
Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Credit: Source: GeoNames, Argentine postal code dump, 13 October 2026.
Source:
https://download.geonames.org/export/zip/AR.zip
Changes by CSC: CSC kept the Argentine postcode and locality rows it already had that the dump lists, took
their names, points and states from it, and added no new codes. Points are GeoNames' estimates.
Reuse: Credit the source, retain the licence link and supplied notices, and identify changes; do not imply
endorsement.

71. Chinese postal code dump
Publisher: GeoNames
Edition: 13 October 2026 (Last-Modified 13 October 2026 02:03:10 GMT); downloaded 14 October 2026
Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Credit: Source: GeoNames, Chinese postal code dump, 13 October 2026.
Source:
https://download.geonames.org/export/zip/CN.zip
Changes by CSC: CSC kept the Chinese general postcodes it already had that the dump lists, took their names,
points and states from it, typed them as areas, and added no new codes. Points are GeoNames' estimates.
Reuse: Credit the source, retain the licence link and supplied notices, and identify changes; do not imply
endorsement.

72. OpenStreetMap postcodes for Malta and China
Publisher: OpenStreetMap contributors; extracts by Geofabrik
Edition: Geofabrik extracts malta-261013 and china-261013, data up to 2026-10-13T20:21:31Z
Licence: Open Database License 1.0 (ODbL)
https://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1-0/
Credit: © OpenStreetMap contributors. Data available under the Open Database License 1.0.
https://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright
Source:
https://download.geofabrik.de/europe/malta.html
https://download.geofabrik.de/asia/china.html
Changes by CSC: CSC kept the Maltese and Chinese postcodes it already had that postcode-tagged OpenStreetMap
objects (addr:postcode or postal_code) inside the country confirm, took a locality only where the objects agree and a point as their median, and
added no new codes. Each code's objects are listed in .github/fixes-docs/ledgers/postcodes_osm_2026-10_evidence.csv.
Reuse: Keep attribution and ODbL notices, share adapted databases under ODbL and provide the access to data
required by that licence.

73. Indonesian postal code dump
Publisher: GeoNames
Edition: snapshot of 13 October 2026 (allCountries.zip, SHA-256 983d9f56ad43ee19...); downloaded 13 October 2026
Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Credit: Source: GeoNames, Indonesian postal code dump, 13 October 2026.
Source:
https://download.geonames.org/export/zip/allCountries.zip
Changes by CSC: CSC kept the Indonesian postcode rows it already had that the dump supports for the same scope, took
their names, points and states from it where its rows agree, and added no new codes. Points are GeoNames' estimates. Regency and city labels come from the GeoNames administrative code table (see the GeoNames geographical
database entry); BPS county headings were used only as a check.
Reuse: Credit the source, retain the licence link and supplied notices, and identify changes; do not imply
endorsement.

74. Brazilian postal code dump
Publisher: GeoNames
Edition: snapshot of 13 October 2026 (allCountries.zip, SHA-256 983d9f56ad43ee19...); downloaded 13 October 2026
Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Credit: Source: GeoNames, Brazilian postal code dump, 13 October 2026.
Source:
https://download.geonames.org/export/zip/allCountries.zip
Changes by CSC: CSC kept the Brazilian postcode rows it already had that the dump supports for the same scope, took
their names, points and states from it where its rows agree, and added no new codes. Points are GeoNames' estimates.
Reuse: Credit the source, retain the licence link and supplied notices, and identify changes; do not imply
endorsement.

75. South African postal code dump
Publisher: GeoNames
Edition: snapshot of 13 October 2026 (allCountries.zip, SHA-256 983d9f56ad43ee19...); downloaded 13 October 2026
Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Credit: Source: GeoNames, South African postal code dump, 13 October 2026.
Source:
https://download.geonames.org/export/zip/allCountries.zip
Changes by CSC: CSC kept the South African postcode rows it already had that the dump supports for the same scope, took
their names, points and states from it where its rows agree, and added no new codes. Points are GeoNames' estimates.
Reuse: Credit the source, retain the licence link and supplied notices, and identify changes; do not imply
endorsement.

76. Norwegian postal code dump
Publisher: GeoNames
Edition: snapshot of 13 October 2026 (allCountries.zip, SHA-256 983d9f56ad43ee19...); downloaded 13 October 2026
Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Credit: Source: GeoNames, Norwegian postal code dump, 13 October 2026.
Source:
https://download.geonames.org/export/zip/allCountries.zip
Changes by CSC: CSC kept the Norwegian postcode rows it already had that the dump supports for the same scope, took
their names, points and states from it where its rows agree, and added no new codes. Points are GeoNames' estimates.
Reuse: Credit the source, retain the licence link and supplied notices, and identify changes; do not imply
endorsement.

77. Italian postal code dump
Publisher: GeoNames
Edition: snapshot of 13 October 2026 (allCountries.zip, SHA-256 983d9f56ad43ee19...); downloaded 13 October 2026
Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Credit: Source: GeoNames, Italian postal code dump, 13 October 2026.
Source:
https://download.geonames.org/export/zip/allCountries.zip
Changes by CSC: CSC kept the Italian postcode rows it already had that the dump supports for the same scope, took
their names, points and states from it where its rows agree, and added no new codes. Points are GeoNames' estimates.
Reuse: Credit the source, retain the licence link and supplied notices, and identify changes; do not imply
endorsement.

78. Hungarian postal code dump
Publisher: GeoNames
Edition: snapshot of 13 October 2026 (allCountries.zip, SHA-256 983d9f56ad43ee19...); downloaded 13 October 2026
Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Credit: Source: GeoNames, Hungarian postal code dump, 13 October 2026.
Source:
https://download.geonames.org/export/zip/allCountries.zip
Changes by CSC: CSC kept the Hungarian postcode rows it already had that the dump supports for the same scope, took
their names, points and states from it where its rows agree, and added no new codes. Points are GeoNames' estimates.
Reuse: Credit the source, retain the licence link and supplied notices, and identify changes; do not imply
endorsement.

79. Malaysian postal code dump
Publisher: GeoNames
Edition: snapshot of 13 October 2026 (allCountries.zip, SHA-256 983d9f56ad43ee19...); downloaded 13 October 2026
Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Credit: Source: GeoNames, Malaysian postal code dump, 13 October 2026.
Source:
https://download.geonames.org/export/zip/allCountries.zip
Changes by CSC: CSC kept the Malaysian postcode rows it already had that the dump supports for the same scope, took
their names, points and states from it where its rows agree, and added no new codes. Points are GeoNames' estimates.
Reuse: Credit the source, retain the licence link and supplied notices, and identify changes; do not imply
endorsement.

80. Turkish postal code dump
Publisher: GeoNames
Edition: snapshot of 13 October 2026 (allCountries.zip, SHA-256 983d9f56ad43ee19...); downloaded 13 October 2026
Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Credit: Source: GeoNames, Turkish postal code dump, 13 October 2026.
Source:
https://download.geonames.org/export/zip/allCountries.zip
Changes by CSC: CSC kept the Turkish postcode rows it already had that the dump supports for the same scope, took
their names, points and states from it where its rows agree, and added no new codes. Points are GeoNames' estimates.
Reuse: Credit the source, retain the licence link and supplied notices, and identify changes; do not imply
endorsement.

81. Basisregistratie Adressen en Gebouwen (BAG) postcode index, and BRK administrative units
Publisher: Kadaster, via PDOK
Edition: PDOK Locatieserver postcode index and whole-address checks, archived 14 October 2026 (bounded crawl of the
live service); BRK administrative units via the PDOK OGC API, 14 October 2026
Licence: BAG: Public Domain Mark 1.0; BRK: CC0 1.0
https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Credit: Source: Kadaster, BAG and BRK, via PDOK.
Source:
https://www.kadaster.nl/zakelijk/registraties/basisregistraties/bag
https://api.pdok.nl/kadaster/brk-administratieve-eenheden/ogc/v1
Changes by CSC: CSC kept its existing four-digit Dutch postcodes, took a locality, province and municipality only
where every BAG address agrees, linked a city only within its BRK municipality, and added no six-digit codes or points.
Reuse: Public-domain and CC0 data impose no conditions; crediting the source is courteous.

82. Código Postal de Colombia (official shapefile)
Publisher: MINTIC-Servicios Postales Nacionales 4-72 (Unidad Código Postal Colombia)
Edition: Shapefile_Codigo_Postal.zip; download object HTTP Last-Modified: 28 June 2016; downloaded 14 October 2026
Source metadata: DBF header last update: 2013-10-07; DBF/SHP/SHX ZIP member timestamps: 7 October 2013.
Original XML metadata date fields (YYYYMMDD): CreaDate=20130920; ModDate=20120120; SyncDate=20120120; mdDateSt=20120120.
Original XML SHA-256: 066ff6a9abe64a9ca2224af9efd6916cdba256d3b66b8ddce6a9d6f8059b12a3
These source metadata timestamps do not certify current postal routing.
Licence: 4-72 Cláusula de Licencia Abierta (OpenDefinition), full text in .github/licenses/4-72-Clausula-Licencia-Abierta.txt
https://visor.codigopostal.gov.co/472/visor/Clausula_Licencia_Abierta.pdf
Credit: Fuente: MINTIC-Servicios Postales Nacionales 4-72 (Unidad Código Postal Colombia)
Source:
https://visor.codigopostal.gov.co/472/visor/Shapefile_Codigo_Postal.zip
Changes by CSC: CSC kept the Colombian postcodes it already had that the shapefile lists and mapped their
department prefixes to its states; it took no names or points and added no codes.
Reuse: Cite the source and preserve its original update metadata, keep the use metadata and the clause, and do not
distort the data's meaning; use is at the reuser's own risk.

83. GeoNames final postcode rebuild and checking tables
GeoNames: postal allCountries.zip snapshot acquired 13 October 2026 15:38:24 UTC, SHA-256 983d9f56ad43ee198baa49d86c5e3201e4751cad7f968ecef9ccb5604859104d; country subsets and checking gazetteers/admin tables as recorded in acquisition_manifest.json.
Data by GeoNames https://www.geonames.org/ under CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ . Postal README: https://download.geonames.org/export/zip/readme.txt . It declares BY 4.0 while retaining a stale BY 3.0 hyperlink; the gazetteer README separately declares BY 4.0.
Modifications: preserve supported existing codes and scoped IDs; render unanimous names/estimates/admin links; clear ambiguous fields; reserve queued IDs in research only; no new codes, point averaging or city-point fallback. Checking gazetteer points/parents and the INPOSDOM official lookup JSON https://inposdom.gob.do/codigo-postal/json/data.json (1,403 checking rows; no applicable open distribution grant established) are never substituted as positive values. Official scripts were read as text only to locate the inert JSON; they were not executed.
Distribution: retain the complete notice in .github/licenses/pc_rebuild_7-distribution-notices.txt.

84. Chunghwa Post datasets 25489 and 37759
Chunghwa Post: official dataset 25489 https://data.gov.tw/dataset/25489 , XML administrative district names, three-digit codes and administrative-centre coordinates; Open Government Data License Taiwan 1.0 https://data.gov.tw/license . Dataset 37759 https://data.gov.tw/dataset/37759 / TOWN_MOI.kml is a checking bilingual district/county identity bridge under the same declared licence. Retrieved 14 October 2026; actual receipts and archive hashes supplied.
Modifications: exact code/Chinese district join plus a supported English district/county bridge; preserve three-digit scope; XML names and centres; no six-digit expansion, invented translation or old mirror-field copying. No source endorsement.
Distribution: retain the complete notice in .github/licenses/pc_rebuild_7-distribution-notices.txt.

85. Ordnance Survey Code-Point Open (Great Britain area prefixes)
Ordnance Survey Code-Point Open: official CSV archive, HTTP Last-Modified 5 August 2026; CSV member dates 3 August 2026; acquired 14 October 2026. Official product https://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/products/code-point-open and official download API receipt in downloads/GB_official.zip.receipt.json . Open Government Licence 3.0 https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/ .
Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right 2026.
Contains Royal Mail data © Royal Mail copyright and database right 2026.
Contains National Statistics data © Crown copyright and database right 2026.
Modifications: count existing Great Britain area prefixes from all full-unit CSV rows; do not add units, generate an area centroid or reuse a city/county label. Code-Point Open is Great Britain scope; no Northern Ireland or Crown-dependency rescue is inferred.
Distribution: retain the complete notice in .github/licenses/pc_rebuild_7-distribution-notices.txt.

86. OpenStreetMap final postcode rebuild (bounded country screens)
OpenStreetMap: © OpenStreetMap contributors, https://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright , ODbL 1.0 https://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1-0/ . The bounded Overpass response snapshots and country-boundary relation versions/timestamps are in each receipt/screen; there is no common atomic worldwide edition.
Modifications: validate literal full-code formats and complete object geometry in an assembled valid country polygon, reject contrary country tags, retain only supported legacy identities, unanimous city/place labels, and medians from at least two distinct numbered address signatures >=10m apart with <=1km conservative spread. No single-address point or guessed administrative/city join. No routing guarantee.
Distribution: retain the complete notice in .github/licenses/pc_rebuild_7-distribution-notices.txt.

Sources under review
The redistribution basis for 233 further sources remains under review; this notice does not certify those
sources as cleared.


Decided v5 state reforms (reforms_v5_build_1; 16 October 2026)
Publisher: GeoNames
Edition: AO, EE, KR and LV country dumps acquired 16 October 2026; exact ZIP hashes and member editions are
retained in the audit bundle point_ledger.csv.
Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Credit: GeoNames, https://www.geonames.org/
Sources: https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/AO.zip
https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/EE.zip
https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/KR.zip
https://download.geonames.org/export/dump/LV.zip
Changes by CSC: selected five reference points and formatted them to eight decimal places; selected populated
place fingerprints for membership review. KR, EE and LV points are named settlement anchors, not centroids.
Provider codes are not certified ISO assignments. Keep credit, licence link and modification notice.

Geographic and legislative facts also checked against the UK PCGN Angola Toponymic Factfile (June 2025):
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/684199c0280ec7236902c09b/Angola_Toponymic_Factfile.pdf
Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Crown copyright 2025.
https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
CSC selected province/seat facts, not the map. Official legal texts and national registers were used for
reform identity, extent and dates; no protected page design, maps or bulk geometry are redistributed.
The event ledger links the legal sources; migrations/reforms_v5.md discloses the project codes.

Open postcode additions (postcodes_open_v5_build_1; October 2026)
OSM data © OpenStreetMap contributors, https://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright, ODbL 1.0.
GeoNames postal data: Source: GeoNames, https://www.geonames.org/, CC BY 4.0.
Licence: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ; https://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1-0/
Editions: OSM extracts and queries of 13–16 October 2026, and for Barbados a 31 May 2026 snapshot (exact per-object/query
editions in the ledger); GeoNames retrieved 16 October 2026.
CSC changes: selects address-supported codes, normalizes code presentation, retains unanimous labels,
uses only identical published GeoNames estimated point pairs, and leaves unsupported links/points null.
No individual address coordinate is published as a postcode point. Coverage is partial, not a routing guarantee.
Iran five-digit observations denote postal areas, not complete ten-digit delivery codes; China GeoNames rows are general areas.
Country/code/locality scope is explicit per row. Removed IDs remain retired; every addition has a fresh ID.
Per-record provenance: .github/fixes-docs/ledgers/postcodes_open_v5_additions.jsonl (object IDs/versions or source lines, hashes, licence, edition and field basis).


US counties and population scope corrections (us_counties_v5_build_1, October 2026)
Publisher: United States Census Bureau; US Geological Survey (identity checks).
Edition: 2024 Census Gazetteer counties, places and county subdivisions; 2020 Census PL 94-171 geography;
2022 Connecticut county-to-county-subdivision crosswalk; 2010 Gazetteer used only to check historical counts.
Source: https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2024_Gazetteer/
https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/reference/ct_change/ct_cou_to_cousub_crosswalk.txt
https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial/2020/data/01-Redistricting_File--PL_94-171/
Licence/legal basis: US federal works, public domain under 17 USC 105. No endorsement implied.
CSC changes: selected official county-equivalent names and internal points, formatted coordinates to eight decimals,
assigned fresh CSC IDs, replaced the CT statistical framework, recorded the Alaska split, linked proved places,
and corrected or cleared populations of the wrong scope. No Census GEOID column exists in counties; codes stay in the ledger.
Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/, CC0 1.0, was used for identity checking, not as a population or point source.
Per-record source files, editions, URLs, retrieval times, hashes and methods:
.github/fixes-docs/ledgers/us_counties_v5.jsonl ; retained acquisition bytes in the maintainer audit work bundle.

New England town additions (2026-10): US Census Bureau 2024 Gazetteer, TIGERweb ACS2024 and 2020 Census PL 94-171; public domain US Government work (17 USC 105). Points copied from INTPTLAT/INTPTLONG; decimal formatting only. Per-record provenance: .github/fixes-docs/ledgers/ne_towns_v5.jsonl.